Saturday, July 12, 2014

Iraq: Campaign of Mass Murders of Sunni Prisoners [1]
Set International Inquiry Into Massacres by Security Forces, Allied Militias

Tuesday, July 8, 2014

Iraq: Testimonies point to dozens of revenge killings of Sunni detainees
© Amnesty International.

Amnesty International has gathered evidence pointing to a pattern of extrajudicial executions of detainees by government forces and Shi’a militias in the Iraqi cities of Tal ‘Afar, Mosul and Ba’quba.

Surviving detainees and relatives of those killed gave graphic accounts that suggest Iraqi forces had carried out a series of vengeful attacks against Sunni detainees before withdrawing from Tal ‘Afar and Mosulf in northern Iraq. Both are now controlled by the Islamic State in Iraq and al-Sham (ISIS). In Ba’quba, central Iraq, government forces and Shi’a militias have been fending off attempts by ISIS to capture the city.

“Reports of multiple incidents where Sunni detainees have been killed in cold blood while in the custody of Iraqi forces are deeply alarming. The killings suggest a worrying pattern of reprisal attacks against Sunnis in retaliation for ISIS gains,” said Donatella Rovera, Amnesty International’s Senior Crisis Response Adviser, who is currently in northern Iraq.

“Even in the midst of war there are rules that must never be transgressed. Killing prisoners is a war crime. The government must immediately order an impartial and independent investigation into the killings, and ensure that those responsible are brought to justice.”
Survivors and relatives of the victims told Amnesty International that around 50 Sunni detainees were extrajudicially executed in the building of the Anti-Terrorism Agency in al-Qala’a in Tal ‘Afar, on the night of 15 June. 

A survivor who narrowly escaped the attack described how four soldiers opened the door of the room where he was being held and began shooting at random:

“It was about 1.45 at night when four soldiers opened the door and called out a few names; it seems they were trying to check that they had the right room. They started to shoot continuous automatic fire, which went on for a long time…Three had Kalashnikov rifles and one had a machine gun...  There were at least three others that I could see behind them; maybe more but I could not see them. I was towards the back of the room and took cover by the toilet and then I was covered by the bodies of detainees who fell on top of me. I was saved by those who died. In the room where I was 46 were killed and I heard that some others were killed next door.”

One woman, Umm Mohammed, described the horrific state of the body of her cousin’s son, Kamal Fathi Hamza:

“He had been shot several times in the head and chest; the body was covered in blood but you couldn’t tell whose blood it was as the bodies were one on top of the other. He had not been convicted of anything; had just been arrested 10 or 15 days earlier. He had only just got married less than a month before he was killed.” 

Several other families also said they had relatives among the detainees who were killed in the Tal ‘Afar jail, in some cases with two or more relatives from the same family. Most said their relatives were arrested shortly before the killing and had been held in pre-trial detention. None had been tried.

In a separate incident in Mosul, several Sunni detainees were killed in the Anti-Terrorism Agency in Hay al-Danadan district. A survivor said that at around 10pm on 9 June soldiers came into the cell and took away 13 of the 82 detainees being held there. Then they heard gunshots ringing out.

“The soldiers took some of us out and beat us with cables and said we were terrorists, and then took us back to our cell. At 11.30 pm they opened the door and threw a hand grenade into the cell and closed the door and turned off the light. Six detainees were killed on the spot and many were injured, me among them; I was injured in the eye and leg. One died of his injuries several hours later. In the early morning some armed guys came and released us and took the injured to the hospital. It was then that we learned that the army and security forces had left Mosul.”

The Mayor of Ba’quba, Abdallah al-Hayali, told Amnesty International that his nephew Yassir al-‘Ali Ahmed al-Hayali, 21, was amongst up to 50 people extrajudicially executed in a similar incident in al-Wahda police station in the Mufaraq district central Baquba in the early hours of 16 June. He said that Yassir was arrested about a month earlier and tortured, including by having his nails removed and being given electric shocks in custody.

He was killed along with a number of others by members of a Shi’a militia in the presence of the head of al-Wahda police station in in Ba’quba. According to a medical report obtained by the Mayor, he had been shot in the head. Many of those killed with him had been shot in the head and the chest. Sunni policemen who witnessed the killing fled their posts afterwards for fear of reprisal.

The Governor of Diyala, ‘Amer al-Mujama’i told Amnesty International that he spoke to the only survivor to the mass killing, Ahmed Khalas Zaydan al-Haribi, during his visit to Ba’quba Teaching Hospital. He told him: “We were having a quiet night when we heard the shooting, then armed men in the presence of the head of the police station entered and started shooting at us”. Ahmed was injured in his leg and shoulder during the attack and was taken to the hospital. Two hours later he was abducted by members of a militia who killed him and dumped his body behind the hospital.

The Chief of Police in Diyala governorate said to the media that the detainees died because of mortar strike and reckless shootings by ISIS in an attempt to break into the prison.

Amnesty International is currently investigating reports that a large number of convicted prisoners have been killed by ISIS in Badoush Prison in Mosul.

The organisation is  calling on ISIS, as well as all armed groups and forces on all sides of the conflict to end the summary killings and torture of detainees, as well as the deliberate and indiscriminate attacks on civilians, all of which amount to war crimes and must be prosecuted under international law.

“Those among the warring parties in Iraq who are committing war crimes should know that the impunity they currently enjoy won’t last forever and that they may one day be held accountable for their crimes”, said Donatella Rovera.


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العراق: شهادات تشير إلى وقوع العشرات من أعمال القتل الانتقامية بحق المحتجزين السنة

© Amnesty International


جمعت منظمة العفو الدولية أدلة تشير إلى وجود نمط من الإعدامات خارج نطاق القضاء للمحتجزين من قبل القوات الحكومية والمليشيات الشيعية في مدن تلعفر والموصل وبعقوبة العراقية.

وتحدث المحتجزون، الذين ظلوا على قيد الحياة وأقارب المحتجزين الذين قتلوا، في رواياتهم عن قيام القوات العراقية بتنفيذسلسلة من الهجمات الانتقامية ضد المعتقلين السنة قبل الانسحاب من تلعفر والموصل في شمال العراق، اللتين تخضعان اليوم لسيطرة الدولة الإسلامية في العراق والشام (داعش). وفي بعقوبة، وسط العراق، تصدت قوات الحكومة والميليشيات الشيعية لمحاولات داعش للاستيلاء على المدينة.

وقالت كبيرة المستشارين لمواجهة الأزمات في منظمة العفو الدولية، دوناتيلا روفيرا، الموجودة حالياً في شمال العراق، إن "هناك تقارير عن حوادث عديدة قتل فيها المحتجزون السنة بلا رحمة أثناء وجودهم في قبضة القوات العراقية، وهي مثيرة للقلق العميق. وتشير عمليات القتل إلى نمط يبعث على القلق من الهجمات الانتقامية ضد السنة للرد على انتصارات داعش".

وأوضحت قائلة: "حتى في خضم الحرب هناك قواعد يجب أن لا يتم تجاوزها أبدًا. فقتل الأسرى جريمة من جرائم الحرب. ويتعين على الحكومة أن تأمر فوراً بإجراء تحقيق نزيه ومستقل في أعمال القتل، وضمان مثول المسؤولين عنها أمام العدالة".

وأبلغ ناجون وأقارب لضحايا منظمة العفو الدولية أنه جرى إعدام حوالي 50 من المعتقلين السنة في مبنى و"جهاز مكافحة الإرهاب" في القلعة، في تلعفر، ليلة 15 يونيو/حزيران.

ووصف أحد الناجين، الذي  نجا بالكاد من الهجوم، كيف فتح أربعة جنود باب الغرفة حيث كان محتجزاً، وبدأوا بإطلاق النار بشكل عشوائي:

"كانت الساعة قرابة 1.45 ليلاً عندما فتح أربعة جنود الباب ونادوا على بضعة أسماء؛ ويبدو أنهم كانوا يحاولون التحقق من أنهم في الغرفة الصحيحة. وأخذوا يطلقون النار بشكل تلقائي ومستمر، الأمر الذي استمر لفترة طويلة...كان ثلاثة منهم يحملون بنادق كلاشنيكوف، بينما حمل الآخر سلاحاً رشاشاً... وكان هناك ثلاثة آخرون على الأقل استطعت أن أراهم يقفون خلفهم؛ وربما كانوا أكثر، لكني لم أستطع رؤيتهم. إذ كنت في الجزء الخلفي من الغرفة، واحتميت بالمرحاض، ثم وجدت نفسي مغطى بجثث المعتقلين الذين انهالوا علي. وأنقذ أولئك الذين لقوا حتفهم حياتي. حيث قتل 46 في الغرفة التي كنت فيه،ا وسمعت أن البعض الآخر قتل في الغرفة المجاورة."

ووصفت امرأة، تدعى أم محمد، حالة جثة ابن عمها، كمال فتحي حمزة، المروعة قائلة:

"تم إطلاق النار عليه مرات عدة في الرأس والصدر. وكان جسمه مغطى بالدم، ولكن لم أستطع أن أعرف دم من كان، لأن الجثث تراكمت الواحدة فوق الأخرى. ولم يكن قد أدين بشيء؛ إذ اعتقل قبل 10 أو 15 يوماً. وكان قد تزوج للتو قبل أقل من شهر من مقتله."

وقالت إنه كان لللعديد من الأسر الأخرى أيضاً أقارب من بين المعتقلين الذين قتلوا في سجن تلعفر، وفي بعض الحالات اثنان أو أكثر من أفراد العائلة نفسها. وقال معظمهم إن أقاربهم اعتقلوا قبل وقت قصير من قتلهم، وقد كانوا موقوفين تمهيداً للمحاكمة، ولم يحاكم منهم أحد.

وفي حادثة منفصلة في الموصل، قتل العديد من المحتجزين السنة لدى "جهاز مكافحة الإرهاب" في حي الدنادان. وقال أحد الناجين إنه في حوالي الساعة 10 من مساء 9 يونيو/حزيران، جاء الجنود إلى الزنزانة واقتادوا 13 من 82 معتقلاً كانوا محتجزين هناك. ثم سمعوا  قرقعة طلقات الرصاص.

"أخذ الجنود بعضنا وانهالوا علينا بالضرب بالكابلات وقالوا إننا إرهابيون، ثم أعادونا إلى زنزانتنا. وعند الساعة 11:30 مساءً فتح الباب وألقيت قنبلة يدوية داخل الزنزانة، وأغلق الباب وأطفئ الضوء. فقتل ستة معتقلين على الفور وأصيب كثيرون، كنت من بينهم؛ حيث أصبت بجروح في العين والساق فقط. وتوفي شخص متأثراً بجروحه بعد عدة ساعات. وفي الصباح الباكر، جاء بعض الرجال المسلحين وأطلقوا سراحنا وأخذوا المصابين إلى المستشفى. وعلمنا بعد ذلك أن قوات الجيش والأمن قد غادرت الموصل."
وأبلغ قائممقام بعقوبة، عبد الله الحيالي، منظمة العفو الدولية أن ابن شقيقه، ياسر العلي الأحمد الحيالي، البالغ من العمر21 سنة، كان بين ما بربو على 50 شخصاً أعدموا خارج نطاق القضاء في حادثة مماثلة في في مركز شرطة الوحدة، في حي المفرق، بوسط بعقوبة، في الساعات الأولى من صباح 16 يونيو/حزيران. وقال إنه قبض على ياسر قبل حوالي الشهر وتعرض للتعذيب، بما في ذلك خلع أظافره وتعريضه للصدمات الكهربائية في سجنه.

وقتل إلى جانب آخرين على يد أعضاء ميليشيا شيعية بحضور رئيس مركز شرطة الوحدة في بعقوبة. ووفقاً لتقرير طبي حصل عليه القائمقام، فقد أصيب بالرصاص في رأسه. وأصيب العديد من أولئك الذين قتلوا بالرصاص في رؤوسهم وصدورهم. وفر رجال الشرطة السنة الذين شهدوا عمليات القتل من مواقعهم بعد ذلك خوفاً من الانتقام.
وأبلغ محافظ ديالى، عامر المجمعي، منظمة العفو الدولية أنه تحدث إلى الناجي الوحيد من عمليات قتل جماعية، وهو أحمد خلاص زيدان الحربي، أثناء زيارته لمستشفى بعقوبة التعليمي. وقال له: " كانت ليلة هادئة عندما سمعنا إطلاق نار، ثم دخل رجال مسلحون بحضور رئيس مركز الشرطة وراحوا يطلقون النار علينا". أصيب أحمد في الساق والكتف أثناء الهجوم، وتم نقله إلى المستشفى. وبعد ساعتين اختطفه أفراد إحدى الميليشيات وقتلوه وألقوا بجثته خلف المستشفى.

وقال رئيس شرطة محافظة ديالى لوسائل الإعلام إن المعتقلين توفوا بسبب قذائف الهاون وعمليات إطلاق النار المتهورة التي مارستها داعش في محاولة لاقتحام السجن.
وتحقق منظمة العفو الدولية حالياً في تقارير أفادت بأن داعش قتلت عدداً كبيراً من السجناء المحكوم عليهم في سجن بادوش في الموصل.

وتدعو منظمة العفو الدولية داعش، فضلاً عن جميع الجماعات والقوات المسلحة من جميع أطراف النزاع إلى التوقف عن أعمال القتل بإجراءات موجزة وعن تعذيب الحتجزين، فضلاً عن الهجمات المتعمدة والعشوائية على المدنيين، التي تشكل جميعها جرائم حرب، ويتعين محاكمة مرتكبيها بموجب القانون الدولي.

وأكدت دوناتيلا روفيرا قائلة: "يتعين على الأشخاص الذين يرتكبون جرائم حرب من الأطراف المتحاربة في العراق أن يعرفوا أن الإفلات من العقاب الذي يتمتعون به حالياً لن يدوم إلى الأبد، وأنهم سيساءلون يوماً ما عن جرائمهم". 

Monday, June 16, 2014


The Real Story of Iraq – Liberation from Religious Persecution

June 16, 2014

Once again the violence in Iraq makes the news headlines. Unfortunately the events in Iraq are not being accurately portrayed in most of the media outlets. Here are some major points that need to be highlighted:

1. ISIS is NOT the only one taking over the predominantly Sunni cities in Iraq. Last week a small group of ISIS fighters along with others entered the second largest city in Iraq, Mosul, unopposed by Maliki's security forces; an event which many in Mosul believe was allowed to occur by the Maliki security services to justify a "successful" battle Maliki can use to get people to rally behind him. Within a day or so, however, other larger more moderate armed groups entered Mosul forcing the thousands of the Maliki security forces to flee. The Maliki forces fled without even a fight, which is an indication of the nature of the security apparatus in Iraq.

2. The groups that are in control of Mosul and have taken the cities of Tikrit, Tal-Afar, Huwaija, Beiji, Miqdadiya and many other towns between Mosul and Baghdad and in Diyala are a host of various rebel groups that previously fought both the military occupation and ISIS-Qaida mesh. These groups include Nationalist as well as Islamist groups. They include the Tribal Army, Islamic Army, Salahadeen Brigades, Mujahideen Army, Naqshabandi force, and few others. They include former Iraqi Army officers. These rebel groups out number the ISIS fighters by more than 9 to 1.  

3. These rebel groups have the backing of the local population. Mosul has been quiet for the last week, and civil servants have gone back to work. There are no public floggings, executions, or violence like that associated with ISIS.

4. These "revolutionaries" as they are now calling themselves have allowed the Maliki forces to leave (or flee) peacefully. In Mosul, Tikrit, Beiji, and more recently Balad (Spiker base) these groups requested the Maliki forces to leave their weapons and leave peacefully. Thousands of Maliki soldiers have left with their vehicles unarmed and peacefully, unlike the Maliki forces who have been executing jailed prisoners before they flee.

5. These rebels have captured vehicles and weapons and are trying to move onto Baghdad from all four sides.

6. The Iraqi Sunni population has had enough of Maliki's oppression. Thousands of Sunni families have been expelled from their homes in Basra, Nasiriya, Diyala, and Baghdad in the past 11 years. Thousands of Sunni young men languish in jails without trials. Many are tortured and executed. The Army and Security forces are 95% Shitte and drawn from the sectarian militia groups which have the notorious reputation of ransacking homes and screaming sectarian insults through loudspeakers (like the infamous Muthana brigade). The Sunnis have been for the most part excluded from the central government and the Sunni provinces have been either neglected (not given financial resources) or oppressed (hospitals and schools bombed and mass arrests and expulsions). The people have had enough.

7. Even the Sunni politicians who have participated in the political process have been targeted by the Maliki regime. As soon as any Sunni politician criticizes the arbitrary arrests of Sunnis or mass expulsions of Sunni families, they become targets of arrest, torture, and or have death sentences passed on them. They include Members of Parliament like Mohamed Al-Daine who had to flee for his life and MP Ahmed Alwani who was arrested and tortured and whose brother was executed by security forces, and most notably the Vice-President Tariq Al-Hashemi, who had 3 death sentences decreed against him. Maliki uses the Anti-Terrorism law (Provision 4) to persecute Sunnis. In Iraq, this Provision 4 is known as the "Anti-Sunni" Law.

8. In February 2014, Human Rights Watch published a 104-page report of how Maliki's security services torture and rape women in prisons. Human Rights Watch said that the "vast majority of the more than 4,200 women detained in Interior and Defense ministry facilities are Sunni."  Most of the men languishing in Maliki's jail are also Sunnis.

9. The 6 predominantly Sunni provinces have had mass peaceful protests of hundreds of thousands of people for over a year, without much media attention or any response of the Maliki regime. Instead Maliki tried to crush the peaceful protests in Falluja and Ramadi by force and that was what sparked the fighting earlier this year in Anbar province.

10. The Sunni population will not allow the Maliki forces to return to their areas. They feel like they are finally liberating their people from religious persecution, oppression, and genocide, that they have endured and suffered from for past 11 years.

Maliki is now openly using his last card, the fatwa for jihad. He is relying now on the recent fatwa by Ali Sistani for a jihad against the Sunni areas. If Maliki has his way, the country will be heading towards a bloody civil war.

It would be a monumental mistake if the Obama Administration gets the US involved to prop up the corrupt and bloody Maliki regime which has polarized Iraqi society. It would be like adding fuel to the fire.

The best thing the Obama Administration can do is to encourage a formation of a more inclusive government that includes real power sharing and division of resources. They need to reach out to the Sunni leaders (in Parliament, the provincial leaders, religious & tribal leaders). Otherwise the country will be effectively divided.

The story being told in the media is a like fictional story, far from the truth.  But now you have the real story.


Sunday, February 9, 2014

Iraq: Security Forces Abusing Women in Detention

Torture Allegations Underscore Urgent Need for Criminal Justice Reform

Watch Video of Rape Victim
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=9C6gaG0WFZQ

Human Rights Watch

February 6, 2014 (Baghdad) – Iraqi authorities are detaining thousands of Iraqi women illegally and subjecting many to torture and ill-treatment, including the threat of sexual abuse. Iraq’s weak judiciary, plagued by corruption, frequently bases convictions on coerced confessions, and trial proceedings fall far short of international standards. Many women were detained for months or even years without charge before seeing a judge.

The 105-page report, “‘No One Is Safe’: Abuses of Women in Iraq’s Criminal Justice System,” documents abuses of women in detention based on interviews with women and girls, Sunni and Shia, in prison; their families and lawyers; and medical service providers in the prisons at a time of escalating violence involving security forces and armed groups. Human Rights Watch also reviewed court documents and extensive information received in meetings with Iraqi authorities including Justice, Interior, Defense, and Human Rights ministry officials, and two deputy prime ministers. “Iraqi security forces and officials act as if brutally abusing women will make the country safer,” said Joe Stork, deputy Middle East and North Africa director at Human Rights Watch.

“In fact, these women and their relatives have told us that as long as security forces abuse people with impunity, we can only expect security conditions to worsen.” In January 2013, Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki promised to reform the criminal justice system, beginning with releasing detained women who had judicial orders of release. A year later, the brutal tactics of security forces remain essentially the same and hundreds of women remain in detention illegally.

As fighting raged between a multitude of Sunni insurgent groups and government security forces in Anbar province in January 2014, Anbar residents expressed their frustration to Human Rights Watch over Maliki’s failure to carry out promised reforms. Residents’ lack of trust in security forces, caused by their policy of attacking residents in Sunni areas, including the abuses of women Human Rights Watch documented, is undermining the government’s military efforts against Al-Qaeda in Anbar, they said.

Many of the 27 women who spoke with Human Rights Watch described being beaten, kicked, slapped, hung upside-down and beaten on their feet (falaqa), given electric shocks, and raped or threatened with sexual assault by security forces during their interrogation. They said security forces questioned them about their male relatives’ activities rather than crimes in which they themselves were implicated. Security forces forced them to sign statements, many with fingerprints, which they were not allowed to read and that they later repudiated in court, they said.

One woman entered her meeting with Human Rights Watch in Iraq’s death row facility in Baghdad’s Kadhimiyya neighborhood on crutches. She said nine days of beatings, electric shocks, and falaqa in March 2012 had left her permanently disabled. The split nose, back scars, and burns on her breast that Human Rights Watch observed were consistent with the abuse she alleged. She was executed in September 2013, seven months after Human Rights Watch interviewed her, despite lower court rulings that dismissed charges against her following a medical report that supported her alleged torture.

Human Rights Watch found that Iraqi security forces regularly arrest women illegally and commit other due process violations against women at every stage of the justice system. Women are subjected to threats of, or actual, sexual assault, sometimes in front of husbands, brothers, and children. Failure by the courts to investigate allegations of abuse and hold the abusers responsible encourages the police to falsify confessions and use torture, Human Rights Watch said.

The vast majority of the more than 4,200 women detained in Interior and Defense ministry facilities are Sunni, but the abuses Human Rights Watch documents affect women of all sects and classes throughout Iraqi society. Both men and women suffer from the severe flaws of the criminal justice system. But women suffer a double burden due to their second-class status in Iraqi society. Human Rights Watch found that women are frequently targeted not only for crimes they themselves are said to have committed, but to harass male family or members of their communities. Once they have been detained, and even if they are released unharmed, women are frequently stigmatized by their family or community, who perceive them to have been dishonored.
Iraq’s broken criminal justice system fails to achieve justice for victims either of security force abuses or of criminal attacks by armed groups, Human Rights Watch said. Arrests and convictions Human Rights Watch documented appeared often to have been predicated on information provided by secret informants and confessions coerced under torture.

“We don’t know who we fear more, Al-Qaeda or SWAT,” said one Fallujah resident, referring to the special forces unit that carries out counterterrorism operations. “Why would we help them fight Al-Qaeda when they’ll just come for us as soon as they’re done with them?” Human Rights Watch reviewed a video in which a man representing himself as a leader of Al-Qaeda asks a crowd of onlookers in Ramadi, “What are we supposed to do when the army is raping our women? What are we supposed to do when they’re imprisoning our women and children?”

Peaceful protesters posed these same questions to Iraqi authorities in mass demonstrations that began over a year ago, but Maliki’s promises to address these issues remain unfulfilled. Women detainees, their families, and lawyers told Human Rights Watch that security forces conduct random and mass arrests of women that amount to collective punishment for alleged terrorist activities by male family members.

Authorities have exploited vague provisions in the Anti-Terrorism Law of 2005 to settle personal or political scores – detaining, charging, and trying women based on their association to a particular individual, tribe, or sect, Human Rights Watch said. In the vast majority of cases Human Rights Watch examined, women had no access to a lawyer before or during their interrogation, contrary to Iraqi law when security forces presented them with statements to sign, or at trial, either because they could not afford one or because lawyers feared taking on politically sensitive cases.

In every case Human Rights Watch documented in which women told the investigating or trial judge about abuse, the judges did not open an inquiry. Some dismissed the allegations, saying that they observed no marks on the defendant’s body or that the woman should have made the allegations earlier.

Iraqi authorities should acknowledge the prevalence of abuse of female detainees, promptly investigate allegations of torture and ill-treatment, prosecute guards and interrogators responsible for abuse, and disallow coerced confessions, Human Rights Watch said. They should make judicial and security sector reform an urgent priority as a prerequisite for stemming violence that increasingly threatens the country’s stability.

“The abuses of women we documented are in many ways at the heart of the current crisis in Iraq,” Stork said. “These abuses have caused a deep-seated anger and lack of trust between Iraq’s diverse communities and security forces, and all Iraqis are paying the price.” 

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http://www.hrw.org/news/2014/02/06/iraq-security-forces-abusing-women-detention

Wednesday, January 15, 2014

Iraq’s Real Problem: A US Occupation legacy of Sectarian Politics

Jan. 9, 2014

By Mohammed Alomari, Esq.

Violence in Iraq is again in the news. The biggest problem we face about what is going on in Iraq is the disinformation campaign to which we have been subjected since the 2003 invasion and occupation.

Iraq, which had its infrastructure and institutions demolished in 2003, was rebuilt on political and sectarian lines. Originally Iraq’s army had been based on a nation-wide forced conscription (in which all sects and ethnicities were represented according to their percentages in society). All that was abolished in 2003 in favor of a militia-based structure. Iraq’s current military and security forces are made of former Chalabi-led Iraq National Congress militiamen, Iran-based Badr militia, Mahdi Army militia and other sectarian based militias.

It is as though the President of the U.S. were to abolish the Armed Forces and form a new military force from recruits from extremist groups. Imagine the racial and sectarian killings that would happen here. The recent issue with Anbar province (and the other 5 provinces) is a result of ignoring the year-long demonstrations/protests and sit-ins in Anbar, Salahadeen, Diyala, Mosul, Kirkuk, and Samarra. Tens of thousands of people have been demonstrating in these provinces for over a year to free thousands of political prisoners, stop the mass expulsions of families from their homes, and other similar demands.

The recent issue with Anbar province (and the other 5 provinces) is a result of ignoring the year-long demonstrations/protests and sit-ins in Anbar, Salahadeen, Diyala, Mosul, Kirkuk, and Samarra. Tens of thousands of people have been demonstrating in these provinces for over a year to free thousands of political prisoners, stop the mass expulsions of families from their homes, and other similar demands. Thousands of Sunni families have been expelled from their homes in Diyala province by government-sanctioned militias this past year (in Miqdadiya, Baquba, other towns) with complete silence from most of the media outlets.

Additionally tens of thousands of Sunni young men have been rotting in jail for years or are being tortured and executed under provision 4 of the Terror Law. Army units like the infamous Muthana brigade march into predominantly Sunni towns and neighborhoods swearing and cursing anti-Sunni insults (using expletives against Sunni religious symbols like Aisha, the wife of the Prophet Mohammed, or Omar, the Prophet’s brother-in-law).

About two weeks ago, the Iraqi government decided to move against the peaceful protestors using military force, claiming there were “terrorists” protesting with the demonstrators. In fact, the people of Anbar and other provinces have had enough of the sectarian repression, mass expulsion of families, mass arrests, hit squads, torture, and executions.

The people of Anbar and the other provinces reacted to the attempt of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria to take over cities like Ramadi and Fallujah by rebelling and establishing the Tribal forces. Theses tribal forces are the same groups (Awakening councils) which fought the extremists back in 2007 and expelled them from the cities. But they don’t want the sectarian government forces either.

Supporting the Baghdad government with arms is big mistake; instead, the White House should open talks with the Tribal leaders in these provinces, with the Sunni leaders in the Parliament and pressure the Iraqi government to reform their military and security apparatus and keep the commitment to the April 2014 elections.

Unfortunately the media is still playing the old movie of supporting the central government to “fight the bogeyman.” If this failed policy continues, of blindly supporting the central government without looking beyond the headlines to see what is really going on, Iraq will boil over worse than Syria.

Peace will only come to Iraq if the institutions of power and military/security apparatus are reformed to include all segments of society, and not allowed to be monopolized by one group. Otherwise continuing this failed policy is like throwing gasoline on a burning fire; Iraq will as a result remain a bloody mess for years to come.

Mohammed Alomari, Esq. is an attorney in the greater Detroit area.



Wednesday, March 21, 2007

Details of Iranian Control of Mahdi Army Cells in Iraq


Tehran Uses Splinter Cells Within Militia

By HAMZA HENDAWI

March 21, 2007

BAGHDAD - The violent Shiite militia known as the Mahdi Army is breaking into splinter groups, with up to 3,000 gunmen now financed directly by Iran and no longer loyal to the firebrand cleric Muqtada al-Sadr, adding a potentially even more deadly element to Iraq's violent mix.

Two senior militia commanders told The Associated Press that hundreds of these fighters have crossed into Iran for training by the elite Quds force, a branch of Iran's Revolutionary Guard thought to have trained Hezbollah guerrillas in Lebanon and Muslim fighters in Bosnia and Afghanistan.

The breakup is an ominous development at a time when U.S. and Iraqi forces are working to defeat religious-based militias and secure Iraq under government control. While al-Sadr's forces have battled the coalition repeatedly, including pitched battles in 2004, they've mostly stayed in the background during the latest offensive.

The U.S. military has asserted in recent months that Iran's Revolutionary Guards and Quds force have been providing Shiite militias with weapons and parts for sophisticated armor-piercing bombs. The so called EFPs — explosively formed penetrators — are responsible for the deaths of more than 170 American and coalition soldiers since mid-2004, the military says.

In the latest such attack, four U.S. soldiers were killed March 15 by a roadside bomb in eastern Baghdad.

At the Pentagon, a military official confirmed there were signs the Mahdi Army was splintering. Some were breaking away to attempt a more conciliatory approach to the Americans and the Iraqi government, others moving in a more extremist direction, the official said.

However, the official, who was not authorized to be quoted by name on the topic, was not aware of direct Iranian recruitment and financing of Mahdi Army members.

The outlines of the fracture inside the Mahdi Army were confirmed by senior Iraqi government officials with access to intelligence reports prepared for Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki.

The information indicates a disintegrating organization yet a potentially even more dangerous foe, they revealed, on condition that their names not be used.

The militia commanders and al-Maliki's reports identify the leader of the breakaway faction as Qais al-Khazaali, a young Iraqi cleric who was a close al-Sadr aide in 2003 and 2004.

He was al-Sadr's chief spokesman for most of 2004, when he made nearly daily appearances on Arabic satellite news channels. He has not been seen in public since late that year.

Al-Sadr has been in Iran since early February, apparently laying low during the U.S.-Iraqi offensive, according to the U.S. military. He is not known to be close to Iran's leadership or Iraq's top Shiite cleric, Iranian-born Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani.

While Al-Sadr's strategy appears to be to wait out the government offensive and preserve his force, his absence has left loyal fighters unsure of his future and pondering whether they had been abandoned by their leader, the commanders said.

Al-Sadr tried to return to Iraq last month but turned back before he reached the Iraqi border upon learning of U.S. checkpoints on the road to Najaf, the Shiite holy city south of Baghdad where he lives.

"Conditions are not suitable for him to return," said an al-Sadr aide, who requested anonymity because of the sensitivity of the subject. "His safety will not be guaranteed if he returns."

The Mahdi Army commanders, who said they would be endangered if their names were revealed, said Iran's Revolutionary Guards were funding and arming the defectors from their force, and that several hundred over the last 18 months had slipped across the Iranian border for training by the Quds force.

In recent weeks, Mahdi Army fighters who escaped possible arrest in the Baghdad security push have received $600 each upon reaching Iran. The former Mahdi Army militiamen working for the Revolutionary Guards operate under the cover a relief agency for Iraqi refugees, they said.

Once fighters defect, they receive a monthly stipend of $200, said the commanders.

Alireza Jafarzadeh, a spokesman for an Iranian dissident group, told reporters in New York on Tuesday that Iraqi Shiite guerrillas and death squads were being trained in secret camps in Iran with the blessing of top Tehran government leaders and at least three senior Iraqi political figures.

Inside Iraq, the breakaway troops are using the cover of the Mahdi Army itself, the commanders said.

The defectors are in secret, small, but well-funded cells. Little else has emerged about the structure of their organization, but most of their cadres are thought to have maintained the pretense of continued Mahdi Army membership, possibly to escape reprisals.

Estimates of the number of Mahdi Army fighters vary wildly, with some putting the figure at 10,000 and others as many as 60,000.

The extent of al-Sadr's control over his militia has never been clear. Like many of Iraq's warring parties, it's a loosely knit force. The fiery cleric inspires loyalty with his speeches and edicts, and the Shiite gunmen are also bonded by the goal of maintaining Shiite dominance in a country long controlled by the rival Sunni Muslims, most recently Saddam Hussein.

Commanders thought to have disobeyed Mahdi Army orders or abused their power are publicly renounced during Friday prayers, a move that has forced them to quit their posts or go into hiding.

Mahdi Army militiamen also could be attracted by the cash promises of the splinter group. They don't receive wages or weapons from al-Sadr, but are allowed to generate income by charging government contractors protection money when they work in Shiite neighborhoods.

The two Mahdi Army commanders blamed several recent attacks on U.S. forces in eastern Baghdad on the splinter group. The commanders also said they believed the breakaway force had organized the attempt last week to kill Rahim al-Darraji, the mayor of Sadr City.

Al-Darraji, who is close to the Sadrist movement, was involved in talks with the U.S. military about extending the five-week-old Baghdad security sweep into Sadr City, the Mahdi Army stronghold in eastern Baghdad that was a no-go zone for American forces until about three weeks ago.

Al-Darraji was seriously wounded and two of his bodyguards were killed when gunmen ambushed their convoy in a mainly Shiite district near Sadr City. There was no claim of responsibility.

The commanders said recruitment of Mahdi Army gunmen by Iran began as early as 2005. But it was dramatically stepped up in recent months, especially with the approach of the U.S.-Iraqi security operation which was highly advertised before it began Feb. 14. Many Mahdi Army fighters are believed to have crossed the border to escape arrest.

Calls by the AP to seek comment from the Iranian Foreign Ministry have not been returned.

The Iranian recruitment of the Mahdi Army fighters appears to be an extension of its efforts to exert influence in Iraq, in part to keep the U.S. bogged down in a war that already has stretched into its fifth year. Iran already has the allegiance of the Badr Brigade, a Shiite militia founded and trained in Iran in the 1980s that maintains close links to Iraq's ruling Shiite politicians.

The Bush administration has carefully not ruled out military action against Iran, but the war in Iraq keeps U.S. ground forces at least stretched thin.

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Associated Press military writer Robert Burns contributed to this report from Washington.


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